IOT Based Water Distribution Control & Monitoring System

Neha Mahakalkar¹, Abhaya Gulhane², Rasika Shivhare³  Payal Mankar⁴, K. Chandwani⁵

1,2,3,4Student, Dept. Computer Technology, Karamveer Dadasaheb Kannamwar Engineering College, Nagpur, India. 5 Professor , Dept. C. Tech. ,Karamveer Dadasaheb Kannamwar Engineering College, Nagpur, India

Abstract:

The expanded living spaces in provincial and urban territory require great quantity water dissemination administration framework. So, there is a basic prerequisite to outline a programmed water supply framework to accomplish rise to measure of water conveyance to every one of the natural surroundings.The billing system is design and development based on real time monitoring of the water quality and quantity in Internet of Things.If a person fails to pay water bill then there is no automated system which can restrict the water supply to their houses.The “Prepaid and Postpaid Water Distribution Controller” override the problem prevailing in the existing manual process.

Keywords: IOT, Water Quantity, Water Billing Meter, Automatic Billing.

1.  Introduction

Water is one of the most important natural resource and water scarcity is the most challenging issue at a global level.They can use this approach so that everyone gets the equal amount of water. It is also used to avoid the wastage of water during the distribution period. In the previous method the employee will go that place and open the valve for a particular duration, then again the employee will go to the same place and close the valve, it is wastage of time. The proposed system is fully automated. Here human work and time are saved.

The “Prepaid and Postpaid Water Distribution Controller” has been developed to override the problem prevailing in the existing manual system. This system is designed for the municipal corporations to carry out drinking water operation in smooth and effective manner.post-paid mode, the bill is generated according to the amount of usage of water by user and here also system is capable of blocking of supply if the failure in payment.                                               

They will install this Digital Water Management System to each and every consumer. And these water meters are connected to Internet via Wi-Fi module which will takes the data from those meter and send it to the server. It also consists of Flow Sensor, Solenoid Valve, Microcontroller, GSM module

2. Literature Survey

The paper “Implementing Pre payment Water Metering System Oct 1997”by Peter Smith, Helgard Muller, Steyn van Blerk, G Ballot Marx, Peter D Pyke, Philip A de Wet, Andries G Visser, Douglas Smith[1], In order to inform the recommendations for decision making and to increase understanding of the socio-economic environment in which community water supply schemes aremanaged a literature survey was also carried out. An analysis of surveys reported by WHO in 1990 rated poor cost recovery as the most severe constraint on the attainment of sustainable water supplies in Africa. However, cost recovery can only be implemented successfully when customers are satisfied they are getting value for money. To ensure this, other major constraints militating against a quality service must also be overcome. These constraints are predominantly organisational rather than technical.When cost recovery is not implemented, the rich and influential receive more by way of subsidy than the poor, communities are misled into believing that water provision is cheap, and the Govern men Vs budget is spent operating existing schemes rather than implementing new ones. Conversely paying for water encourages a relationship of accountability between the water service provider and their customers. As a result, water schemes where communities pay the operating and maintenance costs are the ones which provide the most reliable service.Willingness to pay depends on proper consultation and community empowerment. One important way of empowering communities is by giving individual households a choice between a number of options. Higher levels of service, including individual household yard taps, are substantially more costly to build, operate and maintain than basic levels of service, In normal circumstances these additional costs are recovered by a substantial increase indemand. However when low income households obtain individual yard tapsandpayforthewater,the demand does not increase significantly. Asa result the tariffs required to achieve full cost recovery become unacceptably high for the majority of customers. intermediate levels of service, such as distributed storage tanks and privately operated shared yard taps, should be promoted.

The paper “IOT Based Water Management System for Smart City” by H AmatullaPatawala [2], Water is an important resource for all the livings on the earth. In that, some people are not getting sufficient amount of water because of unequal distribution. We can use this approach so that everyone gets the equal amount of water. It is also used to avoid the wastage of water during the distribution period. In the previous method, the employee will go to that place and open the valve for a particular duration, then again the employee will go to the same place and close the valve, it is waste of time.The proposed system is fully automated. Here human work and time are saved. The real-time monitoring of water resources information will benefit the water resources management department and the public. The primary concept of real-time IOT based water resources information system is to provide comprehensive and accurate information. The system is developed through defining some explicit water resource parameters then, Water level and flow parameter are defined for water measure & management, followed by a sensor network for water resources information monitoring is constructed based on IOT.

The paper “Water Quality Management: Can We Improve Integration To Face Future Problems” byLaszloSomlyody[3], Water quality comprises all the properties of water besides its quantity. In practice, it is given by a large number of physical, chemical, biological, and other parameters. The actual characterization of water quality is never unambiguous; dominating parameters depend on uses (such as domestic, industrial, agricultural industrial, agricultural, recreational, and others), problems (hygiene, oxygen, household, eutrophication, salinization, acidification, toxics, etc.), space and time, and the subjective judgement of the analyst which cannot be excluded. Water quality management is a commonly used and somewhat vague expression referring to the (systematic) usage of a set of technical and non-technical measures and activities, to maintain or improve quality according to the requirements of water uses and to “protect” eco systems.Water quality management is at the interface of water resources management and environmental  management, which draws from hydrology, biology, chemistry, ecology, engineering, economics and other sciences and disciplines.

The paper “Water Quality and Quantity Management” by Natural resources Northern and yorke government of South Australia[4],Description of the attributes of water quality and quantity. Parameters of water quality are: Salinity – driven by a combination of climate andhuman activity, salinity in the region is related to regional groundwater and direct surface runoff. Salinity is flow dependent and seasonably variable. Nutrients – particularly phosphorus, are related tocatchment management. High nutrient levels can trigger excessive aquatic plant and algal growth, resulting in a decline in dissolved oxygen in the water. Sediment – also an indicator of catchmentmanagement, an increase in sediment loads can result in reduced growth of aquatic plants due to poor light. Temperature – clearance of the riparian zonecanopy species can increase temperature.

Some key indicators for water quantity are: Groundwater levels and pressure, Volume of extraction as a proportion ofsustainable yield Water levels in permanent pools, Volume of water capture in dams or diversions asa proportion of sustainable yield, Proportion of total catchment which is free flow(unregulated).

3. Proposed Methodology

The Water distribution and it’s control over billing cycle is most challenging task for government.Municipal Corporation Water Distribution System is manual system and it is difficult to monitor the consumption of water centrally. If any consumer fail to pay bill then there is no system which can restrict the water supply for consumer’s house.Existing system fails to monitor the quantity of water.Unpaid bill recovery costing are more than actual bill which waste man hours cost.

The proposed system is fully automated. Water is an important resource for all the livings on the earth. In that, some people are not getting sufficient amount of water because of unequaldistribution. Prepaid and Post-paid Water Distribution Controller will monitor the flow and consumption of water by each family. We get real time data of consumption and can control the valve to restrict flow of water. We also measure the quality of water distributed to every household by deploying pH and conductivity sensors. The traditional water metering systems require periodic human intervention for maintenance making it inconvenient and often least effective.

We can use this approach so that everyone gets the equal amount of water. It is also used to avoid the wastage of water during the distribution period. Customer can interact with web-based portal or with mobile application to monitor the usage and for payment of bills or to stop or start the service.

5. Implementation

• Arduino Uno:

Arduino uno is an microcontroller board based on at Mega328. It has 20 digital input output pins of which six can be used as a analog input and six can be used as a PWM output. A 16 MHz resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an in-circuit system programming (ICSP) header, and reset button.  

• Counting Supply of Water :

When the system is on and flow sensor will sense the water supply. User would send the message according to his need what amount of water he will be needed. He would the send message SCT 1 its meaning is that he will needed the 1 ltr. Water from the meter. And user should check the control meter and checks the how much amount of water.

As its needs control board should check the meter reading and user should observe according to its needs.

• Uploading Data:

When the system is on and water supply will be gone the meter reading will be done along with user need. And the data should be uploaded on cloud. If user should want 1ltr of water that time clod should accept that message of 1ltr amount of water would be send along with that user recharge 1ltr water should be minimized.

The main work should be done when the data is being uploaded to cloud and when the supply of water is being done.

6.Conclusion

The successful implementation of an IoT  based approach to measuring water quantity on a real-time basis. A flow sensor for is used to measuring the flow of water and consumption, Solenoid valve for automatic valve control, it will eliminating the drawbacks of existing water metering systems. Water metering system will be used for automated Prepaid and Postpaid billing which eliminating the drawbacks of traditional water metering systems In future, proposed  system can be made fully autonomous by embedding the Internet of Things (IoT).  The use of IoT based water distribution system we can include the Turbidity sensor, pH sensor, Water Hardness Sensor, Water Conductivity Sensor and Fluoride Sensor for Quality of water. Detecting the more parameter for secure purpose.

 7.References

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