Rasika Sayre, Priyanka Gher, Prajkta Raut, Ashwini Giri, Priyanka Dule,Prof. Mayuri Chawla
Department of Electronic and communication, Jhulelal Institute Of Technology, Nagpur
ABSTRACT:
The rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology field has made medium of information retrieval more advanced and complex. As the RFID has gained a lot of attention nowadays, the use of RFlDin a wide range application has been successfully developed. Thus, this paper describes a brief introduction to application of attendance system and reviews some application of attendance system and techniques of data retrieval such as smart card, biometrics, barcode and RFID itself. This ongoing research would be applicable in collecting student attendance in classroom using active RFID technology.
I. INTRODUCTION
The two major problems faced by organizations are time consuming manual Attendance and wastage of electrical power. Our project is going to solve these Problems by using RFID technology. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data
using devices called RFID tags or transponders. So the RFID is a wireless identification. Normally the RFID system comprises of two main parts are RFID Reader and RFID Tag.Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the automatic identification Technologies more in vogue nowadays. There is a wide research and development in This area trying to take maximum advantage of this technology, and in coming years many new applications and research areas will continue to appear. This sudden interest in RFID also brings about some concerns, mainly the security and privacy of those who work with or use tags in their everyday life.
In a developing country like ours, lot of latest technology that has been developed such as RFID, wireless, Bluetooth, robot and so on. Therefore, these technologies can be adopted to improve our daily routines so take our life more comfortable and easy. All universities should try adopting these technologies to improve their quality of student and management. Besides not being left behind in latest development, it will produce more quality and discipline graduates and they know to use advanced technology in the future. Attendance taking in universities should be done in more advanced method with using the latest technology. The attendance system was developed to help lecturers to manage student attendance in more effective method. As for system development and implementation, it should be able to help the lecturers to managing their student attendance systematically. The system must have database that contains student information and it must be able to help lecturer to manipulate data, update database, alert lecturers accordingly, and also nice interface to make it easier to use. Finally, the attendance system must be user friendly for commercial purpose. This thesis will focus on UMP regulation about attendance to class, and implement it to develop the system that will do all the attendance management automatically by using RFID technology
II. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION
ARDUINO BOARD
Overview
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
Revision 2 of the Uno board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.
Revision 3 of the board has the following new features:
1.0 pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two other new pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the board. In future, shields will be compatible both with the board that use the AVR, which operate with 5V and with the Arduino Due that operate with 3.3V. The second one is a not connected pin, that is reserved for future purposes.
- Stronger RESET circuit.
- Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.
“Uno” means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform; for a comparison with previous versions, see the index of Arduino boards.
Summary
- Microcontroller ATmega328
- Operating Voltage 5V
- Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Comparator IC LM358
- Available in 8-Bump micro SMD chip sized package, (See AN-1112)
- Internally frequency compensated for unity gain
- Large dc voltage gain: 100 dB
- Wide bandwidth (unity gain): 1 MHz (temperature compensated)
- Wide power supply range:
— Single supply: 3V to 32V
Features
- Two internally compensated op amps
- Eliminates need for dual supplies
- Allows direct sensing near GND and VOUT also goes to GND
- Compatible with all forms of logic
- Power drain suitable for battery operation
Radio frequency identification (RFID)
RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification, which is a wireless communication technology that is used to uniquely identify tagged objects or people .RFID systems have been widely used in many application areas, such as inventory control, product tracking through manufacturing and assembly, parking lot access and control, container or pallet tracking, ID badges and access control, equipment or personnel tracking in hospitals, etc.
RFID systems use radio waves to transmit information from an integrated circuit tag through a wireless communication to a host computer . These systems consist of three components that are the tag (transponder), the reader (interrogator) and the host computer (controller). The reader communicates with the tags in its wireless range and collects information about the objects to which tags are attached .Compared to other automatic identification technologies, like optical barcode systems, RFID has several advantages, such as tag data can be read automatically without line of sight, thought some materials, simultaneously tag reading and from a range of several meters. RFID has the following main components and figure 2.1 was shows the basic components of RFID systems and concepts.
- RFID Tag / Transponder
- RFID Reader
- RFID Antenna
- PC /Database
III. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION
LED
Light emitting diode are used in application as diverse as replacements for aviation lighting,automotive lighting as well as in traffic signals. The compact size, the possibility of narrow bandwidth, switching speed and extreme reliability of LED’s have allowed new text and video display and sensor to be develop, while their high switching rates are also useful in advance communication technology.
LCD(liquid crystal display)
Is the technology used for displays in the notebook and other smaller computers. Like light-emitting diode (LED) and gas-plasma technologies, LCDs allow displays to be much thinner than cathode ray tube (CRT) technology.”
LCDs consumes much less power than LED and gas display displays because they work on the principal of blocking light rather than emitting it.
An LCD is made with either a passive matrix or an active matrix display displays grid. The active matrix LCD is also know as a thin film transistor (TFT) display. The passive matrix LCD as a grid of conductor with pixels located at each intersection in the grid. A current is sent across two a conductor on the grid to control the light for any pixel. An active matrix has a transistor located at each pixel intersection, requiring less current to control the luminance of pixel for this reason, the current in an active matrix display can be switch on an and off more frequently, improving the screen refresh time.
Some passive LCD’s have dual scanning meaning that they scan the grid twice with current in the original technology. However, active matrix is still a superior technology.
RFID MODULE EM-18
The reader is the most fundamental part of the RFID system. It reads raw data from the tag and transmits it to the Middleware for further processing . The reader attempts to interrogate the tags at varying frequencies. The reader communicates by transmitting a beam of impulses, which encapsulate commands to the tag and listens for the tag’s response . The reader also contains built in anti-collision processes, which allows the reader to read multiple tags simultaneously . The reader is connected to the computer for data processing via a USB cable or over a wireless connection.
IV. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
The software for the system is developed in Arduino Board
V. CONCLUSION
By knowing the problems and requirements required by the organization, a system was successfully developed. Development of the system will be based on problems be addressed and which can meet the needs of the organization. Apart from the analysis of problems and research needs, objectives and scope project was set to give a preliminary and a more functional clearly to ensure the smooth running of the system has been developed. However, the development of more effective systems should be based on objectives and scope of the project was determined. Overall, this chapter was describing the early stages carried out before a more thorough study is done to develop this system. This chapter also discussed the information should be recorded and the process flow for the development of systems to be built.
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