Automated Water Irrigation System using PLC and to Supply Water to various farms in a local area without wasting water.

Atul Bagde, Nishan Mendhe ,Kunal Mundulwar,Pratik Hadge, Rushabh Gupta

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication

Jhulelal Institute of Technology

Nagpur, India

E-mail:-nishanm06@gmail.com Contact no:- 8446808574

ABSTRACT

This paper describes Water Irrigation Control and to supply water to various farms in a local areas without wasting water, our solution combines irrigation control solenoid valves and dc water pump with innovative software and to improve the management of water in open channel distribution systems and on the farms. With  better management and control, water availability can increased for all users and customer services and equity improved, enabling farmers to grow higher-value crops using less labour, water and energy.

INTRODUCTION

Irrigation in India includes a network of major and minor canals from Indian rivers, groundwater well based systems, tanks, and other rainwater harvesting projects for agricultural activities. Of these groundwater system is the largest.^[1] In 2010, only about 35% of total agricultural land in India was reliably irrigated.^[2] About 2/3rd cultivated land in India is dependent on monsoons.^[3] Irrigation in India helps improve food security, reduce dependence on monsoons, improve agricultural productivity and create rural job opportunities. Dams used for irrigation projects help produce electricity and transport facilities, as well as provide drinking water supplies to a growing population, control floods and prevent droughts.^[4] In telangana it was not good, farmers do many sucides.

Canal Irrigation System in India:- Canal irrigation is the most important form of irrigation in India. It is cheaper. It is of greatest advantage in the river valley regions. In canal irrigation, U.P. stands first in India, followed by Punjab and Haryana. Canal irrigation is of much use in the deltas of rivers, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Kaveri and the Mahanadi and the Ganga, and in the coastal plains of Kerala.  The role of Canal irrigation for modernization of irrigation in India is great. Modern Canal irrigation is now conducted, controlled and administered as a part and parcel of river valley projects. They are planned to serve dual purpose effectively. They provide irrigation facilities and control flood. Many of these river valley projects are called multipurpose projects as they serve manifold benefits such as flood control, irrigation and generation of power, etc.

 Working Of Layout:-

The above fig shows the working of layout of water Irrigation Control Using PLC. Here we build the layout of our project in cooler tub and also we created the canal inside the cooler tub. The Layout consists of solenoid valve , dc water pump, Level Sensor and plc  i.e.,  Alen Bradley 800.The canal consists of  water. The solenoid valve is working automatic through plc according to the on demand supply of water. The working of  level sensor is to indicate the water level inside the canal. Whenever the level sensor indicate the low level inside the canal the solenoid valve will get automatically ON because the level inside the canal is low.  The solenoid valve is automatically OFF whenever the level sensor indicate the High Level.

LITERATURE

AIM

To supply water to various farms in a local area without wasting water.

Need of Irrigation

. Irrigation is the method in which a controlled amount of water is supplied to plants at regular intervals for agriculture. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall.

There is a great necessity of irrigation in Indian agriculture. India has a great diversity and variety of climate and weather conditions. These conditions range from extreme of heat to extreme of cold and from extreme dryness to excessive rainfall. Due to some reasons irrigation is needed in Indian agriculture.

dryness to excessive rainfall. Due to some reasons irrigation is needed in Indian agriculture.

Uncertainty of Monsoon rainfall both in time and place.

1. Irregularity in distribution of rainfall throughout the year.
2. Excessive rainfall causing flood.
3. Draught is an annual event in some areas.
4. India is a land of Rabi Crops. But there is not rainfall in winter months.
5. Some soils need more water.
6. Introduction of H.Y.V seeds and multiple cropping need water throughout the year.

What is PLC?

A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) is an industrial computer control system that continuously monitors the state of input devices and makes decisions based upon a custom program to control the state of output devices.

Almost any production line, machine function, or process can be greatly enhanced using this type of control system. However, the biggest benefit in using a PLC is the ability to change and replicate the operation or process while collecting and communicating vital information.

Another advantage of a PLC system is that it is modular. That is, you can mix and match the types of Input and Output devices to best suit your application.

PLC which we are using :

EASE OF USE

1. How Much Water Does Your Farms Need :-
   

   For Farms,water deeply but infrequently to encourage deeply but infrequently to encourage deep roots.The key to watering your grass is to apply enough water to soak down th the depth of the roots. The amount varies with soil type, but a good guide to apply no more than one inch of water every time, which is enough to soak thesoil to between six and 10 inches.

2. Sprinkler System:-
   

   Sprinkles can cover large areas. Manual sprinklers required You to open the value, time the watering yourself and then shut off the flow. Automatic sprinkler system offer the benefit of programmable controllers. Make sure you set automatic sprinklers correctly and adjust it as conditions change. Water early in the morning to reduce the evaporation rate. If water runs off yours yard, splits your watering times into two or more sessions. Be  sure to turn off your system if you’re getting enough water rain showers.

3. Pros and Cons of Different Irrigation System:-
   

    A good way to prevent overwatering is to install rain or soil moisture sensor to override your automatic watering system when necessary. Arain sensor simply senses rainfall. Once a designated amount of water has been detected, it shuts down any regularly scheduled irrigation Rain sensors are small, simple devices and are generally less expensive and easier to install and maintain than soil moisture sensors. Soil moisture sensors are more accurate than rain sensor because they can detect moisture at the level of the root system .they are more exact in measuring how much water your plants are receiving and thus offer greater water saving. However, they are somewhat complicated to install and manage.

APPLICATIONS

1. On demand water supply to farms.
2. Maintain the level of water in cannel.
3. Maintain the moisture in farms.

REFERENCE

• Irrigation control system of Rubicon Industries
• Akhtar, M.S., A. Hussain, M.A. Naeem and A. Razzaq, 2001. Bulk density, infiltration and water-retention in a sandy loam soil under long-term tillage and fertilizer treatments. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 4: 542-549.
• Akyildiz, I.F., W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam and E. Cayirci, 2002. Wireless sensor networks: A survey. Comput. Networks, 38: 393-422.
• Boon, N.E., A. Yahya, A.F. Kheiralla, B.S. Wee and S.K. Gew, 2005. A tractor-mounted, automated soil penetrometer-shearometer unit for mapping soil mechanical properties. Biosyst. Eng., 90: 381-396